Mustard greens · Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
When to plant mustard greens in Istanbul
Main outdoor window
30 Jan - 27 Feb
A climate estimate. Check your soil, forecast and cultivar.
Timed from last spring frost
20 February
In Istanbul, on your chosen risk.
Ready to pick
1 May - 30 Nov
If you plant at the start of the window.
The average last frost. Half of all years are later than this.
Step by step in Istanbul
Download these planting dates (.ics)
Import into Apple Calendar, Google Calendar or Outlook. Dates use the selected risk level and are planning estimates, not frost alerts.
Each window is a planning range. Check the forecast, soil and cultivar before planting; a later date is not automatically safer in hot or wet conditions.
Sow for autumn
15 Sep - 6 Oct
Counting back 74 days from your first frost so the crop matures in time.
Sow direct
30 Jan - 27 Feb
Three weeks before your last frost.
Harvest
1 May - 30 Nov
Mustard greens through the year
Against the frost risk in Istanbul
Seasonal context
Rainfall and the growing season in Istanbul
December has the highest average precipitation (83 mm); July has the lowest (20 mm). Compare this pattern with the planting windows and your water supply.
During wetter months, check that beds and containers drain after heavy rain. During drier months, plan how you will keep seeds and new transplants watered. Monthly averages can hide long dry spells and intense storms; they do not show soil moisture, humidity or this week's weather.
Source: NASA POWER, corrected MERRA-2 precipitation, 2001–2020. Values are approximate monthly totals, including the water equivalent of snow, from the nearest 0.5° × 0.625° grid cell. This reference period differs from the temperature record. Rainfall provides context and does not change the calculated planting dates. Method and limitations.
Monthly growing conditions in Istanbul
Compare the planting window with the local temperature pattern. These are historical monthly averages, not this year's forecast or measured soil temperatures. Average frost days do not tell you whether a particular night will freeze.
| Month | Average low | Average high | Frost days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 3.7°C (38.7°F)38.7°F (3.7°C) | 8.4°C (47.1°F)47.1°F (8.4°C) | 4.0 |
| February | 4°C (39.1°F)39.1°F (4°C) | 9.3°C (48.8°F)48.8°F (9.3°C) | 2.6 |
| March | 5.3°C (41.5°F)41.5°F (5.3°C) | 11.4°C (52.4°F)52.4°F (11.4°C) | 0.8 |
| April | 8.8°C (47.8°F)47.8°F (8.8°C) | 15.8°C (60.5°F)60.5°F (15.8°C) | 0.0 |
| May | 13.6°C (56.5°F)56.5°F (13.6°C) | 21°C (69.7°F)69.7°F (21°C) | 0.0 |
| June | 18.5°C (65.3°F)65.3°F (18.5°C) | 25.8°C (78.5°F)78.5°F (25.8°C) | 0.0 |
| July | 21.4°C (70.5°F)70.5°F (21.4°C) | 28.9°C (83.9°F)83.9°F (28.9°C) | 0.0 |
| August | 22.1°C (71.7°F)71.7°F (22.1°C) | 29.1°C (84.3°F)84.3°F (29.1°C) | 0.0 |
| September | 18.8°C (65.8°F)65.8°F (18.8°C) | 25.2°C (77.3°F)77.3°F (25.2°C) | 0.0 |
| October | 14.3°C (57.7°F)57.7°F (14.3°C) | 19.9°C (67.8°F)67.8°F (19.9°C) | 0.0 |
| November | 9.9°C (49.9°F)49.9°F (9.9°C) | 15.2°C (59.3°F)59.3°F (15.2°C) | 0.1 |
| December | 6.1°C (42.9°F)42.9°F (6.1°C) | 10.6°C (51.1°F)51.1°F (10.6°C) | 0.8 |
For mustard greens, also check drainage, sunlight and cultivar requirements. See the rainfall context above; humidity, irrigation and local pest pressure are not calculated.
Local growing check
Before choosing mustard greens for Istanbul
- December is the wettest month in the rainfall grid, averaging about 83 mm. Check how your own bed drains and plan watering around actual soil moisture; monthly rain totals are not an irrigation schedule.
The temperature and rainfall tables on this page show the underlying climate estimates. How these suitability checks work · Record what happens in your garden.
Before you plant mustard greens
Use the calendar to plan ahead, then check the conditions in your own garden.
- Measure the soil at sowing depth. Aim for at least 4.5°C (40.1°F); the calendar estimates soil warmth from air temperatures and cannot measure your bed.
- Frost tolerance does not make saturated or frozen soil suitable for planting. Wait until the bed can be worked without smearing or compacting it.
- Use the maturity range on your seed packet when choosing a variety. Cold, short days and transplant stress can make harvest later than the calendar estimate.
Use variety and harvest size to control pungency
Sow modest batches in the suitable cooler season and maintain moisture. Warm, drying conditions and age can make leaves stronger and encourage flowering.
Take young leaves for a milder harvest and leave the growing centre intact when you want repeat picking. Check for flea-beetle and caterpillar damage while leaves are still small.
What to record this season
How did leaf age and weather change pungency? Add the cultivar, sowing date and conditions to your growing record so you can compare next season.
Further reading: NC State Extension Plant Toolbox: Brassica juncea . General crop guidance; local dates on this site are calculated separately. Source checked 19 September 2026 by Safe to Plant; this is not an expert review.
The reference describes crop identity and cultivation. North Carolina planting dates are not local dates for other regions.
How the dates are calculated and their limits · Keep a growing record · Report a local discrepancy
Why these dates
Sow modest batches in the suitable cooler season and maintain moisture. Warm, drying conditions and age can make leaves stronger and encourage flowering.
Cold tolerance varies with cultivar, plant age, acclimatisation and the duration of a freeze. A plant surviving frost does not mean its leaves, heads, flowers or developing crop will remain undamaged. Check the forecast and the variety's local advice.
This calendar uses frost-relative offsets as a starting point. Mustard greens are timed for direct sowing 3 weeks before it, and this page simply resolves those offsets against the frost date computed for Istanbul.
The median frost-free season here is 303 days, against 40 to 60 days to maturity for this crop counted from sowing. That margin is what decides whether a late sowing is worth attempting.
Also in Istanbul
Other vegetables to time
Growing mustard greens in Istanbul
Can I grow mustard greens in Istanbul?
The calendar estimates a planting window, not a guarantee of success. December is the wettest month in the rainfall grid, averaging about 83 mm. Check how your own bed drains and plan watering around actual soil moisture; monthly rain totals are not an irrigation schedule.
When should I plant mustard greens in Istanbul?
Aim for 30 Jan - 27 Feb in an average year. If you would rather not gamble on the weather, wait until 25 Feb - 25 Mar - by then frost has finished in nine years out of ten.
When might mustard greens be ready to harvest in Istanbul?
The estimated period is 1 May - 30 Nov, based on 40 to 60 days from the modeled planting date. Cultivar, planting material and growing conditions can change this interval; check the plant as well as the calendar.
How much frost will mustard greens tolerate?
Cold tolerance varies with cultivar, plant age, acclimatisation and the duration of a freeze. A plant surviving frost does not mean its leaves, heads, flowers or developing crop will remain undamaged. Check the forecast and the variety's local advice.