Valledupar is in hardiness zone 12b

USDA-equivalent zone

12b

Winter minima between 12.8°C (55°F) and 15.6°C (60°F).

Mean annual coldest night

13.7°C (56.6°F)

Averaged across the record. This is the figure the zone is calculated from.

Coldest night on record

12.1°C (53.8°F)

A single night, not a planning figure — but it is what an unlucky winter can do.

What the zone tells you

A hardiness zone answers exactly one question: how cold does it get here in an average winter, at worst. It is calculated from the mean annual extreme minimum — the coldest night of each year, averaged over the record. For Valledupar that figure is 13.7°C (56.6°F), which places it in zone 12b.

That makes it a good tool for one job. When a nursery says a plant is hardy to zone 12b, a perennial, shrub or tree rated to this zone or a lower number should survive a normal winter here without protection. Anything rated to a higher number is a gamble, a container plant, or a write-off in a cold year.

What it does not tell you

It says nothing about when to plant. Two places can share a zone and have growing seasons that differ by six weeks, because a zone is a single winter night and a season is the gap between the last frost of spring and the first of autumn. A maritime climate and a continental one can sit in the same zone and behave nothing alike.

It also says nothing about heat, drought, humidity or the length of your summer, all of which can matter more than winter cold. A zone number is a floor, not a description of a climate.